How much natural radiation do we receive each year? What doses are we receiving in a dental or chest examination? To make sense of answers these questions, we need to understand the quantities or dose units in radiation measurements.Early Experience of Radiation Effects
Researchers and experimentalists usually take risks because they are highly interest in the subjects.
Early X-ray and uranium workers suffer dermatitis, skin lesions, lung cancers and other occupational diseases. The danger of radiatin exposure was realized soon after their discovery. There was a collective response to these risks.
The radiation protection program is guided by the concept of keeping radiation exposure As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA). The ALARA concept is based on the assumption that any radiation dose, no matter how small, can have some adverse effect. Under the ALARA program, every reasonable means of lowering exposure is used. Radiation exposure can be minimized by utilizing three basic principles: 1) Time: Shorter exposure time means a lower dose.
2) Distance: Doubling the distance from a radiation source means one-fourth the dose rate.
Tripling the distance gives one-ninth the dose rate.
3) Shielding: The use of appropriate shielding greatly reduces the dose rate.
Standing in a protected area during x-ray exposures is one example.
Remember that radiation cannot be seen or felt, but can be detected with radiation survey meters.
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